The Church lab focuses on new technologies for "omic" measures, synthesis and modeling/CAD/analysis tools, applying these to biomedical & ecological systems -- in particular, personal genomics and microbial genome engineering for new genetic codes, novel amino acids and multi-virus resistance. The lab developed next-generation sequencing (NGS) and fluorescent in situ sequencing (FISSEQ) methods to analyze the output of combinatorial selections as well as comprehensive gene-enviroment-trait data for affordable personalized medicine. In addition, the lab developed CRISPR technologies to reprogram the (epi)genomes of human pluripotent stem cells to connect cis-regulatory motif variants in populations to allele-specific and cell-type-specific RNA measures and further to causal effects on cell and larger-scale morphologies. The lab also helped initiate the BRAIN project and is contributing "innovative neurotechnologies" including fluorescent connectome, transcriptome, ticker tape and developmental lineage barcode collected via a single integrated "Rosetta brain".